亚洲犀牛角贵比黄金

亚洲犀牛角

Rhinoceros horns

亚洲犀牛角

Rhinoceros horns

亚洲犀牛角

Rhinoceros horns

　　“灵丹妙药”、“起死回生”、“治愈肿瘤、癌症、糖尿病”……犀角是中国四大名药之首，他有很高的药用价值。在古代，人们将犀角制作成器皿，饮用白酒。犀角器也在古代工艺品中属凤毛麟角，在当今的艺术品市场更是独领风骚。2003年以来，犀角在古玩市场上火起来，出现了大量“犀角杯”。俗话说，物以“犀”为贵，犀贵比黄金。据统计，至今存世的犀角雕器不超过4000件。

"The panacea", "life and death", "cure cancer, cancer, diabetes"... Chinese rhino horn is the four famous medicine first, he has a very high medicinal value. In ancient times, people will be made into horn dishes, drinking liquor. It is very rare for horn in ancient crafts, in today's art market is a superpower. Since 2003, horn in the antique market lit up, there has been a lot of horn cup". As the saying goes, to "rhino" for the expensive, expensive than gold rhinoceros. According to statistics, since the rhinoceros horn carving world no more than 4000.

　　金庸在《笑傲江湖》第十四章曾说，祖千秋说:“这一坛关外白酒，酒味是极好的，只可惜少了一股芳冽之气，最好是用犀角杯盛之而饮，那就醇美无比，须知玉杯增酒之色，犀角杯增酒之香。”

Jin Yong in the "fourteenth chapter" The Legendary Swordsman said, Chiaki progenitor said: "this altar outside the liquor, wine is excellent, but the lack of a bitter aromatic gas, it is best to use horn cup and drink the mellow wine and clinking, Yubei notes by color, add horn cup the fragrance of wine."

那么，在国内市场上出现的那么多“犀角杯”到底是真假?

So, so much in the domestic market on the horn Cup "what is the difference?

　　有业内人士分析，这些所谓的犀角杯90%都是赝品，有的是根本没有收藏价值可言的合成犀角，有的是黄牛、水牛等其他动物角，还有的虽然是犀牛角，但不是明清雕刻，而是现代仿品。亚洲犀牛几乎已经灭绝，因此现在市面上见到的不少犀牛角制品都是非洲犀牛角。但有些人会将角染成古红色，其实自然界中只有亚犀种群中才有红色的角质。花犀牛角的价钱却买到的是水牛角、黄牛角，假犀角杯让收藏者蒙受了巨大损失。

Insiders analyzed, these so-called horn cup 90% are fake, there is no value whatsoever of synthesis of rhinoceros horn, some cattle, buffalo and other animal horn, although there is a rhinoceros horn, but not the Ming and Qing Dynasties carved, but modern imitation goods. Asiatic rhinos are almost extinct, so many rhinoceros horns are now seen on the market. But some people will be dyed red ancient angle, actually in the nature population is the only Asian rhinoceros skin red. Take the price but to buy rhino horn is buffalo horn, yellow horns, false horn cup let collectors suffer a great loss.

怎样辨别犀牛角与其他牛角?

How to distinguish the horns from the horns and other horns?

犀牛角区别于其他牛角的重要特征有，其表面的纵向纹路永远都是相互平行的，不像其他牛角会出现交叉网文，此外，犀牛角的横断面也会有其他牛角所不具备的“鱼子纹”。多数人把有竹丝纹的角当做犀牛角，其实这是个误区，牦牛、水牛角也同样有竹丝纹，而网络纹和鱼子纹才是犀牛角所独有的特征。有造假者将黄牛角、水牛角、牦牛角剖开，一层层烫压，再煮熟后制作雕刻成假犀角杯，由于看起来也有成片成片的竹丝纹，而且价钱不贵，很多收藏者上了当，吃了亏。另外，市场上还存在合成犀角做成的赝品，成份为树脂胶、石蜡等化学物质，没有任何收藏价值。

The important feature of rhino horn is different from other cattle horns. Its longitudinal lines on the surface are always parallel to each other. Unlike other cattle horns, there will be cross net text. Besides, the cross section of rhinoceros horn will also have "fish grain pattern" which other cattle do not have. Most people regard bamboo horn as the horn of rhinoceros, but in fact, this is a misunderstanding. Yak and buffalo horn also have bamboo silk pattern, while the network pattern and fish pattern are the unique characteristics of rhinoceros horn. Counterfeiters yellow horn, buffalo horn, yak horn cut, a layer of hot pressing, then cooked after making carved false horn cup, as seems to have a piece of bamboo silk pattern, but the price is not expensive, many collectors on when eating. In addition, there are synthetic horns made fakes on the market, components of resin glue, paraffin and other chemical substances, there is no value to the collection.

判断犀角杯的新旧要注意什么?

The judgment of old and new horn cup should pay attention to what?

判断犀角杯的新旧则要看雕工，看作品属于哪个时代的风格。从故宫的藏品可见，明代犀角杯风格大气、圆浑、花纹不满，庄严高贵，而清代犀角雕刻雕工繁杂，刻意显示刻工技巧，这是两个朝代的犀角雕刻在风格上的区别，明代朱元璋实施海禁，多数犀角都是从非洲、爪哇、印度走私来的，材料稀少珍贵，所以雕刻家采用磨工浅浮雕，而清代海运进一步发展，进口材料增多，更有官员直接从国外淘买，雕刻家得以在犀角上用高浮雕、镂雕刻意展现刻工。

The new judge horn cup to see the works of carving, which belong to the era of style. From the the Imperial Palace collection visible, the Ming Dynasty style atmosphere, Yuanhun horn cup, pattern of discontent, dignified, the Qing Dynasty rhinoceros horn carving carving carving complex, deliberately display skills, this is the difference between the two dynasties of rhinoceros horn carving in the style of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang ban on most rhinoceros angle are from Africa, Java, India smuggled the material is scarce and precious, so the sculptor Miller shallow relief, the Qing dynasty sea further development of imported materials increased, more officials directly from foreign Amoy buy, can be carved by the sculptor deliberately show high relief, carved in the horn on.

明清犀角受追捧

Ming and Qing Dynasties horn sought

明清时，犀角工艺到达一个高峰，到了清末，随国势不济而式微。

The Ming and Qing Dynasties, horn technology reached a peak, to the late Qing Dynasty, and with the decline of the poor.

清朝传世的犀角杯中也有很多刻意模仿明代风格的仿古杯,以乾隆朝最为突出。乾隆皇帝以好古闻名，当时宫廷造办处制作了大量的仿古杯，清代很多杯是染色的，犀角本身的天然蜂蜜色，经过工匠染色变成古铜色，古香古色的感觉立马就出来了。有些明代的犀角杯，后来在杯子被虫蛀的地方发现，虫子洞里是蜂蜜色的，说明杯子是清代的，仿的是明代的自然包浆。

The Qing Dynasty handed down the horns have many antique glass cup to imitate the style of the Ming Dynasty, the most prominent in Qianlong dynasty. The emperor Qian Long to ancient famous at that time, the court made the Office produced a large number of antique glass, the Qing Dynasty many cup is dyed, horn itself natural honey color, after dyeing artisan Tan, antique feel out immediately. Some of the Ming Dynasty horn cup, the cup is eaten later in the place to find the worm holes is honey colored, the cup is in the Qing Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty is the imitation of the natural patina.

犀角不可能低价拍卖

Horn may not low price auction

2011年底，我国出台了禁止公开销售象牙犀角的文件。拍卖行人士表示，尽管国家近期不会放开市场，但犀角的高价决定了其拥有者都有较强的实力，不可能低价出手。

By the end of 2011, China promulgated the ban public sale of ivory and rhinoceros horn files. The auction house said that although the country has not let go of the market, but the price determines its horn has a strong strength, can not sell at a low price.

事实上，在2000年之前，犀角收藏还是一个偏门。1994年至2000年间，犀角上拍量32件，成交价多为十几万元或者数十万元， 超过50万元的寥寥无几。进入新千年之后，犀角拍卖在国际市场上逐渐升温，表现在投放量放大，成交率升高，成交纪录不断被刷新。

In fact, before 2000, is a collection of horn loopholes. From 1994 to 2000, on a total of 32 horns, the transaction price is ten yuan or hundreds of thousands of yuan, scanty of more than 500 thousand yuan. After entering the new millennium, horn auction is gradually warming up in the international market, in the amount of amplification, the turnover rate increased, turnover record is constantly refreshed.

2005年，香港苏富比秋拍中，一件明末犀角雕双螭海棠形杯以1076万港币晋级“千万元俱乐部”;2010年，在香港佳士得春拍中，又有两件犀角器均以3986万港元的高价，打破了这项拍卖的世界纪录。

In 2005, Sotheby's Hongkong autumn auction, a Ming Dynasty carved rhinoceros horn double Chi Begonia shaped cup to HK $10 million 760 thousand for "million club"; in 2010, Christie's Hongkong spring auction, and two were rhinoceros horn device a high price of HK $39 million 860 thousand, broke the world record auction.

2010年香港佳士得春拍中，松竹堂珍藏30件拍品全部成交，总成交额高达2.37亿港元。同年6月，北京古天一拍卖行犀角专场中，15件拍品同样百分百成交，成交额高达6266.4万元。同年12月5日，北京保利“酌兕觥”犀角专场中，21件犀角器拍出6046.9万元。这一年秋拍中，北京翰海投入犀角器30件，北京匡时投入33件，也全部成交。

In 2010, the Hongkong Christie's spring racket, pines bamboo hall collection of 30 pieces of all transactions, the total turnover of up to 237 million Hong Kong dollars. In June of the same year, Beijing ancient Day Auction horns in concert, 15 pieces were same 100 percent turnover, turnover of up to 62 million 664 thousand yuan. In December 5th of the same year, Beijing poly "action Sigong" horn special, 21 horns is sold for 60 million 469 thousand yuan. This year's autumn auction in Beijing, one input device 30 horns, Beijing Council invested 33, also all transactions.

犀角大收藏家聚集在香港与欧美国家

The big horn collector gathered in Europe and the United States of Hongkong

很多人认为，犀牛角越重越值钱。而专业藏家则认为，作为艺术品，犀牛角的质地、工艺、形状同样重要。亚洲犀角质感细腻、凝重、美观，非洲犀角是作为亚洲犀的补充，才进入中国市场的，其商业目的性强，艺术性也较低。

A lot of people think that the heavier the horns of the rhino, the more valuable it is. And professional collectors believe that as a art, the horns of the rhinoceros are as important as the texture, process and shape of the horns. Asian rhinoceros delicate texture, dignified and beautiful, African animals as a supplement to the Asian rhinoceros, China before entering the market, the commercial purpose, art is low.

业界人士告诉记者，近年出现在拍卖会的犀角雕，多数来自于欧美的旧藏，原因是一些博物馆经费不足或其他因素，而不得不把部分藏品拍卖。

Industry insiders told reporters, appeared in the auction of rhinoceros horn carving in recent years, mostly from the old European and American collections, the reason is that some museums lack of funds or other factors, and had to be part of the collection auction.

玩犀角器的大收藏家，也都聚集在香港与欧美国家。其中，被业内所熟知的是香港名医叶义，北京故宫现存的100多件犀角中有81件是他捐赠的。除此之外，美国藏家黄蕙与霍满棠分别藏有犀角器40多件与80余件，也是业内公认的专业藏家。

The big horn playing collectors, also gathered in Europe and the United States of Hongkong. Which is known in the industry of Hongkong is the famous doctor Ye Yi, Beijing the Imperial Palace more than 100 extant rhinoceros in 81 he donated. In addition, the American collector Huang Hui and Huo respectively with more than 40 horns for full Siu Tong and more than 80 pieces, is the industry recognized professional collectors.

中国犀角雕刻大致可以分为三个流派：

China rhinoceros horn carving can be roughly divided into three schools:

一是北京派，代表宫廷艺术，取材厚、大，表现皇室题材，工艺精美，不计工本材料;

The 1 is the Beijing school, on behalf of the royal art, material thickness, high performance, Royal theme, exquisite craft, excluding material;

二是苏州派(包括嘉定)，工巧荟萃，讲究文人气息，多取材兰亭雅集、东坡游赤壁等题材，用料次于皇家;

2 is the school of Suzhou (including Jiading), a fine, pay attention to the literati, from Lanting Pavilion, Chibi Dongpo gathering Tour theme to real materials;

三是广东派，带有强烈的地方色彩，以花卉为主，用料较薄。

3 is the Guangdong school, with a strong local color, with flowers as the main, material is thinner.

中国历史上，犀角雕刻工艺在明清达到高峰，现存的亚洲犀角雕刻作品绝大多数是明清时代的作品。亚洲犀角绝迹后，非洲犀角取而代之，则是在清中叶以后，大多是为了贸易，作来料加工。此外，犀角雕刻作品除了看材质，还要看制作年代、雕刻流派以及是否名家手笔。

Chinese history, reached the peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties of rhinoceros horn carving process, Asian rhinoceros horn carving works is the vast majority of the existing works of Ming and Qing dynasties. Asian rhino extinct, African rhinoceros instead, is in the Qing Dynasty, mostly to trade for processing. In addition, rhinoceros horn carving works in addition to look at the material, but also the production time, and whether the famous artists School of sculpture.

亚洲犀与非洲犀的四个区分

Four Asian and African rhinoceros rhinoceros distinguish

犀牛角有非洲犀牛角和亚洲犀牛角之分。目前，亚洲犀牛已经灭绝，因此亚洲犀角格外珍罕，价值高于非洲犀牛角;从药用价值上说，亚洲犀角是非洲犀角的20倍。所以，如何区分亚洲犀牛角和非洲犀牛角，就显得格外重要。

The horns of the rhino have the African rhino horn and the Asian rhino horn. At present, the Asian rhinos have become extinct, so the Asian rhinoceros particularly precious, is higher than the value of African rhino horns; from the medicinal value, Asia is 20 times the African rhinoceros horn. So how to distinguish between the horns of the rhino and the horn of the African rhinoceros is particularly important.

鉴别方法之一是看犀牛角，黑犀、白犀、苏门答腊(撒马利亚)犀这三类有双角，爪哇、印度犀则是单角。印度独角犀的角，由于数量极少，价值极高，非常珍贵。三种亚洲犀角中，最长的是印度犀角，最长的有20多厘米，东南亚犀角次之，苏门答腊犀角最短。二是形状比较特殊，角上有纵向纹路，类似甘蔗，横断面则呈“栗米纹”，底座呈马蹄形，最适合制作马蹄杯，角的前后有“天沟地岗”。三是药用价值高，有腥味。老作品有的已经有几百年历史，也有的皮壳上了漆，但只要在毛料上摩擦，就能闻到一股香味。四是亚洲犀角质地半透明，在光照下呈玛瑙色。还可以从犀牛的皮肤上进行区别，印度犀牛的皮肤上清晰可见深深的折痕，就好像穿了铠甲一样，而非洲犀牛的皮肤则比较光滑，没有折痕。

One way is to look at the identification of rhinoceros horn, black rhinoceros, white rhinoceros, Sumatran rhinoceros (Samaria) of these three types of double angle, Java, India rhinoceros is single angle. India rhinoceros unicum angle, because the quantity value is extremely high, very precious. Three Asian rhinoceros horn, the longest is India horns, the longest is more than 20 cm, the Sumatran rhinoceros horn of Southeast Asia, the shortest. Two is a special shape, vertical lines, corner like sugarcane, "Li meters is a cross-sectional pattern, a horseshoe shaped, the most suitable for the production of horseshoe cup," gutter to gang angle before and after". Three is a high medicinal value, with a fishy smell. Some old works have hundreds of years of history, but also painted some of the hull, but as long as the friction in wool, can smell a smell. Four Asian rhinoceros is agate colored translucent texture, under illumination. It can also be distinguished from the skin of rhinoceros. The skin of India rhinoceros can see a deep crease, just like a suit of armor, while the skin of African rhinoceros is smooth and no creases.

犀角器观赏五要点

Watch the five points of rhinoceros horn device

一、刻工。精细入微，布局完美。一般而言，人物、动物图案优于山水、花卉、禽鸟图案，人物、动物、祥禽瑞兽图案优于规整且常见的螭龙图案。

1. Engraving. Fine detail, perfect layout. Generally speaking, figures, landscapes, flowers, animal pattern is better than the patterns of birds, dragon dragon pattern character, animal, and the common pattern is better than the regular Xiang ruishou birds.

二、材料。质地光泽莹润，颜色不能太深。亚洲犀角呈火红色，非洲犀角呈灰白色且透明度高。

2. Materials. The texture of shiny luster, color can not be too deep. Asian rhinoceros fiery red, gray and white rhinoceros horn of Africa high transparency.

三、题材。雕者一般会挑选自己最拿手的题材，同时也要应材料的形态、大小来决定刻什么，通常会采用大众都喜欢的典故，寓意吉祥的题材。

     3, subject matter. Carvings usually choose their own best themes, and at the same time, decide what to engrad according to the shape and size of materials. They usually use allusions that people like, which symbolizes auspicious themes.

四、年代。犀角雕不是年代越早就越有价值，相反，年代较早的雕工不及明、清朝代时精细华丽，只要年代不低于18世纪便可接受。

4, age. Not in the rhinoceros horn carving the sooner the more valuable, on the contrary, in the earlier than the Ming and Qing Dynasties carved fine gorgeous, as long as not less than in eighteenth Century will be accepted.

五、作者。犀角雕上有作者留款的，即名家作品，如有题诗句的，与犀角雕的背景相映成趣，则更为难得。一般有名家留真款字的，百中无一，购买时要看清楚是真款还是后仿的。

5. The author. The author has left a rhinoceros horn carving, the famous works, such as poems, and the rhinoceros horn carving background contrast, is more rare. In general, the name of the name of the name of the name of the word, no one in 100, to see when the purchase is clear is true or after imitation.

2017年深圳中皇拍卖最新拍卖流程

送拍:

1、您可直接携带藏品来我公司洽谈，我司将为您安排专业拍卖顾问接待洽谈合作事宜。工作时间：周二至周日9:30——18:00

2、如您在异地或不方便前来，可先把藏品信息发送到陳总监 135-4414-4553（微信）

a、如果藏品符合上拍条件，我们会以电话方式邀请您前来我司详谈，所以邮件中请务必留下联系方式。

b、如果藏品不符合上拍条件，我司会致电回复，并期待您的再度支持。

3、凡通过鉴定符合上拍条件的，可签订委托服务协议并支付由此产生的相关上拍费用，同时我司承诺可免收藏家保险费和保管费；如若拍卖未成交也不收流拍费、保管费和其它额外费用；为了提高拍卖成交机率，敬请您确定最低保留价。

二、上拍

如送拍藏品经我司权威专家组审定通过，我司会与您签订委托服务合同，藏品会保留在我司或者由您自行保管直至藏品成交或合同期结束。

上拍藏品费用问题：

1、签约客户需为上拍藏品支付部分策划、宣传、预展费用。

2、上拍之后，若拍品成交，我司会对委托方收取藏品落槌价8%的佣金（藏品成交策划费用退还）

a、若拍品流拍，我司不收取您任何流拍费用，并且我司同意合同签订之日起一年内，甲方上拍藏品继续享有我司组织的一切预展、上拍活动，直至成功交易，期间产生的一切宣传上拍费用由我司承担。期间甲方可将藏品取回自行保管，我司将原物退还！敬请阁下放心。

Recent Auction Process of Shenzhen in 2017

Send on:

1, you can carry collection directly to my company to negotiate, we will arrange professional auction consultant for your reception to discuss cooperation matters.Working hours: - 18:00 9:30 Tuesday to Sunday

2, as you or inconvenient to come in other cities, can be the first collection information sent to Chen, director of the 135-4414-4553 ( WeChat）

A, if the items conform to the conditions on, we will invite you to come to our company discuss by phone, so please leave your contact information in the email.

B, if the collection is not in conformity with the conditions, we will call back, and look forward to your support again.

3, whosoever shall conform to the conditions on through the identification, can sign a service agreement and pay the relevant fees, insurance premium and the safekeeping fee at the same time, we promise to be collectors;If the auction is not clinch a deal the charge is not for auction, the safekeeping fee and other additional fees;In order to improve the auction is chance, please you determine the minimum reserve price.

Second, on

If the collection is approved by our authoritative group of experts, we will sign a contract of entrustment with you, the collection will be kept in our custody or you will keep it until the conclusion of the collection or the end of the contract period.

Cost of collection:

1. The client shall pay part of the planning, publicity and advance fee for the collection.

   
   

2.  After the shooting, if the product is sold, our company will take a commission of 8% of the price for the collection of the goods.

   A, if the items auction, we don't charge you any auction, and we agreed to one year from the date of signing of the contract, party a on collection continue to enjoy our organization's all preview, on activities, until successful trading, during any publicity expenses shall be borne by our company. During the period, party a may take the collection back to its own custody and we will refund the original items. Please be assured.